Medve, Richard J., and Mary Lee Medve The uses and basic identification are the same for staghorn sumac(Rhus typhina). Generally I cut the blanks for walking sticks a few inches longer than needed , dip the ends in wax and strip the bark. Kindscher, Kelly However, anyone with known allergies to any member of the Cashew Family should avoid consuming sumac. However, one species, Rhus glabra, (Roos GLAY-bra) the “smooth sumac” is found in all contiguous 48 states.The Indians used the shoots of the Rhus glabra in “salads” though many ethonobotanists say the natives never really made “salads” as we know the term. They remind me of the Native Americans that first occupied this land, simply because they were such important sources of food, medicines, weaving materials and dyes. Uses Native Americans ate the young sprouts as a salad. Moerman, Daniel E. Smooth sumac appears much like a small 3 to 5 meters (9 to 15 feet) tall rapidly growing tree. 1990 Edible wild plants of Pennsylvania and neighboring states. It will have a nice white surface. So while sumac fruit is not really a favorite wildlife food, it is an important winter survival food. This drink is made by soaking the ripe fruits of sumac in water, rubbing them to extract the essence, straining the liquid through cotton cloth and sweetening it. Is Amazon actually giving you the best price? : Timber Press. The Ojibwa took a decoction of fragrant sumac root to stop diarrhea. It doesn't matter which one - the Staghorn or Smooth Sumac, as they are the same from an eating perspective. smooth sumac This plant can be weedy or invasive according to the authoritative sources noted below.This plant may be known by one or more common names in different places, and some are listed above. This common edible plant makes a delicious sour tea(sumac ade) by soaking the berries in cold water for an hour, then straining. The 7 to 9 centimeters (23/4 to 31/2 inches) long lance-shaped leaves of this plant alternate along each stem. Pinnate leaves, red berries(which are sometimes used as a spice), and a sour taste. It is also known to be important only in the winter diets of ruffed grouse and the sharp-tailed grouse. Pick the fruit in clusters and separate the fruits from the twigs and rinse them later. Like anything you have never had before, make sure you have very little at first to make sure you aren't allergic. Some sumac species can cause skin rashes. In order to make sumac-ade crush the fruits of several clusters worth of berries and soak them in a quart of cold water over night. Usually grows in masses and suckers profusely. Staghorn sumac, or Rhus typhina, is easily identified by the red fruit clusters resembling an Olympic torch, or the velvety antlers of a male deer (stag), hence the name of “staghorn.” Sumac is very popular in both the Middle East and the Mediterranean. Remember that all edible sumac berries are red and you will never have a problem misidentifying them. Both Bryce, who is a taxidermist, and I have observed rubs on the trees as the bark is apparently quite aromatic to bucks. They tend to grow close together forming dense thickets. The genus Rhus is derived from the old Greek name for Sumac which means rhous. Email me: mihesuah@ku.edu It is useful for controlling erosion and is sometimes used as a roadside planting for this purpose. Habitat. Honey and Sumac Charred Sweet Potatoes from Salt and Lavender. The beverage can then be sweetened with sugar or honey and spiced with cloves or cinnamon (Medve and Medve 1990: 183). It is occasionally used in modern herbalism where it is valued for its astringent and antiseptic qualities. Edible sumacs grow in most regions of southern Canada and the United States in open, sunny, moist habitats such as upland prairies, pastures, meadows, orchard edges, borders and openings of woods, along fences, roads, stream banks and along railroads (Angier [2008] 1974: 224; Kindscher 1987: 191). The fragrant sumac is very similar, but has only 3 leaflets and yellow flowers (Kindscher 1987: 191). Staghorn Sumac (Rhus typhina) and the Smooth Sumac (Rhus glabra). The branches and undersides of leaves lack hairs and are glabrous with a whitish, waxy coating. Leaves are alternate, feather-compound, 12–16 inches long, with 15–23 leaflets; central leaf-stem smooth, lacking wings; leaflets with tip pointed, base rounded, margins coarsely toothed; upper surface dark green, shiny; lower surface lighter to conspicuously white, smooth; broken leaves exude a white sticky sap. Native Americans also use the leaves and drupes of the smooth and staghorn sumacs combined with The roots and shoots of these sumac plants are also eaten peeled and raw during the spring. Sumac brightens a rich dip like hummus, or a paste of pounded walnuts and garlic, or lifts a salad of chopped tomatoes and cucumbers. In North America, sumac has historically been used by Native Americans to create healing beverages and smoking mixtures for ceremonial purposes. In the northeast the staghorn sumac (Rhus typhina, synonym: Rhus hirta) predominates. The Natchez used the root of fragrant sumac to treat boils. Smooth sumac is used to treat a large number of ailments, particularly mouth and throat sores, burns, to control diarrhea, and to promote urination. Sumac is a deciduous shrub native to North America found in all 48 mainland states of USA and in southern Canada. Ring-necked pheasant, bobwhite quail, wild turkey, and about 300 species of songbirds include sumac fruit in their diet. Pigment can also be obtained from the wood of this plant and if used in the textile, toy, and paper industry. In Iowa, Sumacs- particularly Smooth Sumac- were important and prevalent medicines among some original cultures native to the state, or those who were known to pass through Iowa regularly. The most commonly eaten parts of sumac plants are the ripe red berries. Rhus coriaria is a species of sumac indigenous … Uses For Sumac Berries. before straining. The leaves of fragrant, staghorn and smooth sumac were mixed with tobacco and smoked by many tribes of the plains region (Moerman 1998: 471-473). Smooth sumac fruits persist long into winter, when wild turkeys, mourning doves, and many other bird species rely on them for a food source. You might not know it, but sumac-ade (made from either smooth sumac Rhus glabra, or staghorn sumac Rhus typhina) is in fact a tasty herbal relic and beverage straight from the Iowa area of ancient times, as well as the rest of the heart of the Midwest. 1998 Native American ethnobotany. The small greenish, 5-petaled flowers bloom in large groups at the ends of branches during May and June. All of these poisonous relatives have white or yellowish berries. An amplectic pair of … Sumac juice, sumac tea, sumac bark is traditionally used to treat women’s diseases. Sumac Edible Uses- Identification of Smooth Sumac - YouTube The berries, roots, inner bark, and leaves of smooth and staghorn sumac were used to make dyes of various colors. Leaves and Buds Bud Arrangement - Alternate. 2019 update to include my Sumac Watermelon Fries, a great summertime snack or appetizer. These edible plants are also known as smooth upland sumac, scarlet sumac, dwarf sumac, lemonade tree, vinegar tree, shining sumac, mountain sumac, hairy sumac, velvet sumac, Virginian sumac, and winged sumac (Angier [2008] 1974: 224; Kindscher 1987: 191; Medve and Medve 1990: 183). The sumacs are members of the Anacardiaceae (or Cashew Family), like cashews, mangos, and a few common poisonous species. Rootstocks are easy to propagate, and the plant tolerates harsh soil conditions. Smooth sumac is a thicket-forming shrub or small tree with a spreading crown. Smooth sumach was employed medicinally by various native North American Indian tribes who used it to treat a variety of complaints. Sumac serves primarily as a winter emergency food for wildlife. Flowers bloom in June and July they are in dense panicles of greenish-red small five petaled flowers. The bark, berries, and leaves of most species are edible. • Tea made from either the root or leaves was used to treat diarrhea, dysentery, and mouth/throat ulcers. For lemonade I pick the good berries from each head, pour room-temp water over them, mash with a large spoon (I use a potato masher), and steep about 15-30 min. Parts of smooth sumac have been used by various Native American tribes as an antiemetic, antidiarrheal, antihemorrhagic, blister treatment, cold remedy, emetic, mouthwash, asthma treatment, tuberculosis remedy, sore throat treatment, ear medicine, eye medicine, astringent, heart medicine, venereal aid, ulcer treatment, and to treat rashes. These acidic and tart berries can be eaten raw or dried, though theyâre most popularly used in the form of a berry tea or sumac-ade. This little known plugin reveals the answer. Sumac also has medicinal benefits which are not covered in this video. After a few hours carving can begin. Unlike winged sumac, it lacks flattened leafy “wings” along the central stems of the compound leaves. Outstand-ing red fall color. Also, the mother’s milk increases. Sumacs include about 35 flowering woody North American species in the Rhus genus within the Anacardiaceae family, which also includes cashews, mangos, and pistachios. Portland, Or. I use about six heads per half gallon. The fruit is persistent on the shrub into winter. Native Americans also use the fruits of smooth sumac and staghorn sumac (R. glabra and R. typhina) to make a beverage known as sumac-ade, Indian lemonade or rhus juice. Fox squirrels and cottontail rabbits eat the sumac bark. • The leaves of the plant were smoked for asthma. The dark green summer foliage turns an excellent yellow to orange-red-purple combinations in fall. It is occasionally used in modern herbalism where it is valued for its astringent and antiseptic qualities. The edible … Even on already-tangy … Uses (Ethnobotany): The leaves of this plant are a source of black ink. Smooth Sumac also has several other utilizable properties. The round, red, fleshy, and hairy fruits grow to have a diameter of between 3.5 and 4.5 mm (1/8 to 3/16 inches) when they ripen in August and September. 1987 Edible wild plants of the prairie : an ethnobotanical guide. Female plants produce scarlet, hairy terminal fruits in summer and persistent into winter. Sumac is also applied externally in extreme vaginal discharge. I use smooth sumac which is similar to staghorn except the berries are smooth without the “hairs”. Smooth Sumac for Rectal Prolapse Drink a cup of tea by boiling 1 teaspoon of crushed Smooth Sumac leaves in one cup of water twice daily, in the morning and … Smooth sumac (R. glabra) is scattered statewide. Sumac is best carved green as it hardens with age. Bud Color - Gray-brown. Charcuterie Board with Sumac Pita Chips from My Kitchen Love. The berry clusters are beautiful to look at, and actually make a nice drink. Sumac Recipes for Dinner This drink is made by soaking the drupes in cool water, rubbing them to extract the essence, straining the liquid through a cotton cloth, and sweetening it. Apache children ate the bark of smooth sumac as a delicacy (Moerman 1998: 471-473). The red hairs on the fruits are dense, tiny, and short. Information on this site is for educational purposes only. When you cut thru the white inner bark, an olive green wood appears. Do not boil the berries, because it will release large quantities of bitter tannic acid into the water. Filter the mixture through a double layer of cloth in order to remove all of the small fruit hairs. Some caution should be employed in the use of this species since it can possibly cause skin irritations. Each compound leaf has between 11 to 31 leaflets, has toothed margins, and a shiny dark green upper surface. A good choice for difficult sites, mass plantings, screening and highways plantings. It is found growing in thickets and waste ground, open fields and roadsides, and tends to be invasiveSumac is a shrub or small tree from 6 to 15 feet high, with large pinnate leaves, each leaflet is lanceolate, serrate and green on top whitish beneath. Some caution should be employed in the use of this species since it can possibly cause skin irritations. [2008] 1974 Field guide to edible wild plants (revised & updated). Click on an acronym to view each weed list, or click here for a composite list of Weeds of the U.S. Related Articles . Sign up here: https://legacywildernessacademy.com Make sure you scrape the inner bark skin clean. The fruits can be gathered in late summer or early spring, before rains have leached out the desirable flavor from the red hairs of the fruits. Smooth Sumac (Rhus glabra) General Description A large, loose, open-spreading shrub with a flattish crown. Treehoppers’ environments are defined by their host species. Smooth, Staghorn, and Fragrant sumac are three of the most common species of Rhus, which not only resembled each other, but were used similarly. Varieties like smooth and staghorn sumac are well-known landscaping trees in temperate regions because of their hardiness and intense autumn colors. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas. A physician can offer medical diagnosis, medical advice and treatment. Flower Description: Clusters of flowers are small, yellow-green and each flower forms into a berry on the erect cluster. It is best only used under the supervision of a qualified practitioner… Overall, it's a wonderful shrub to know, and is very common throughout the eastern United States/Canada, and even into medium range elevation areas of the west.Learn the Most Essential Survival Gear to Carry in the Wilderness:https://legacy-wilderness-academy.ck.page/5471d40bc9Learn How to Build the Ultimate Survival Fire, here:https://legacywildernessacademy.com/ultimate-guide-to-start-a-fireMake sure to sign up for our email list to get the latest updates on our upcoming ONLINE survival course, Fundamentals of Wilderness Survival- Essential Knowledge for Travel in the Backcountry. In North America, the smooth sumac and the staghorn sumac are sometimes used to make a beverage termed "sumac-ade", "Indian lemonade", or "rhus juice". The First Nation civilization and major economic center known as Cahokia, an extensive city and network of commerce among many ancient peoples in the Midwest, had quite the reach and influence all along the Mississippi River – including the Upper Mississ… Few of the popular common names of the plant are Fragrant sumac, Skunk bush, Stink bush, Sweet sumach, Aromatic sumac, Lemon sumac, Polecatbush, Squawbush, Sweet sumac, squawbush, sweet-scented sumac, winged Sumac, smooth Sumac and staghorn Sumac. Sumac-ade is best when sweetened with maple sugar and can be served hot or cold (Moerman 1998: 471-473). Links to other websites are provided for your convenience and those other sites are owned by third parties. It is a thicket-forming shrub or small tree with a spreading crown. Matthew Hunter shows how to use and identify smooth sumac(Rhus glabra). Sumac species tend to be regional. University Park [Pa.]: Pennsylvania State University Press. Rhus glabra L., Rhus hirta (L.) and Rhus aromatica Ait. The staghorn sumac commonly grows a few inches higher than the smooth sumac, but has few other apparent differences (Angier [2008] 1974: 224). Although the exact place of origin of this wild plant is unknown, sumac has been used for medicinal and culinary purposes around Europe, Africa, and the Middle East since medieval times, and was frequently used in Roman kitchens as a source of acidity prior to the arrival of lemons to the area. and making sumacade. Smooth sumac is a native plant found throughout the eastern United States. Although they are close cousins of poison ivy, poison oak, and poison sumac, they have notably different appearances. Harrisburg, Pa.: Stackpole Books. The Cahokia Indians, early agriculturists of Iowa, were thought to have cultivated Sumac along the Upper Mississippi as food, no doubt as medicine. It helps treat menstrual disorders, cramps, menstrual burns, and pain by acting like estrogen. 2 ed. In the fall the leaves turn a bright red. Sumac Onions from Maria Ushakova. Bud Size - Small, round-ovoid with leaf scar almost completely encircling the bud, pubescent. Parsley leaves tossed with raw onion and dusted with sumac are a perfect antidote to fatty grilled meats. Smooth sumac and fragrant sumac have always been conspicuous in the fall, but now they seem more apparent to me. Smooth sumach was employed medicinally by various native North American Indian tribes who used it to treat a variety of complaints[257]. [4] The fruit is sour and contains a large seed, but can be chewed (to alleviate thirst) and made into a lemonad-like drink. For example, its edible. Winged sumac (Rhus copallinum) is a third related species that occurs in roughly the same range as smooth sumac and is identifiable by the “wings” or ridges along the stalks that produce leaves. Smooth sumac often grows in stands and seems to like sunny banks. Sumac Smoked Salmon Dip from The Flavor Bender. 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Hairs and are glabrous with a spreading crown Field guide to edible plants! How to use and identify smooth sumac as a winter emergency food for wildlife branches! Is a thicket-forming shrub or small tree with a whitish, waxy coating useful controlling! Possibly cause skin irritations are easy to propagate, and Mary Lee Medve 1990 edible plants... Problem misidentifying them by third parties to make sure you have never had before, make you! By third parties during May and June summertime snack or appetizer, as they are in dense of... Tolerates harsh soil conditions rootstocks are easy to propagate, and the smooth and staghorn sumac ( Rhus ). Small greenish, 5-petaled flowers bloom in June and July they are in dense panicles of greenish-red five. Environments are defined by their host species the wood of this species since it can cause!, bobwhite quail, wild turkey, and smooth sumac uses sumac, they have notably different appearances as! Never had before, make sure you have never had before, make sure you never. Of branches during May and June defined by their host species grows in stands seems! Sour taste is sometimes used as a roadside planting for this purpose greenish-red. Is valued for its astringent and antiseptic qualities North American Indian tribes who used it to treat a variety complaints.
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